Why Prioritizing Maternal Health During Pregnancy Matters: Outcomes, Access, and Actionable Steps

Photo by JoÃ£o Paulo de Souza Oliveira on Unsplash

Introduction: The Critical Value of Maternal Health During Pregnancy

Maternal health-the health and well-being of women throughout pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period-plays a decisive role in the outcomes for both mothers and their babies. The journey of pregnancy brings significant physical and emotional changes, and even in high-income countries, complications can arise unexpectedly. With an estimated 287,000 women worldwide dying during or following pregnancy and childbirth in 2020, the importance of maternal health cannot be overstated [1] . In the United States, maternal mortality rates have more than doubled since 2000, making it a pressing public health concern [2] . However, research shows that the majority of these deaths are preventable, underscoring the need for accessible, high-quality care and proactive health management [3] .

Understanding Maternal Health: Definitions and Scope

Maternal health encompasses much more than just surviving pregnancy and childbirth. It refers to the overall health and quality of life for women during pregnancy, labor, delivery, and the weeks following birth [4] . This includes physical health, mental wellness, and access to respectful, evidence-based care. According to the World Health Organization, every pregnancy and birth should be a positive experience, with mothers and babies reaching their full potential for health and well-being [1] .

The Impact of Maternal Health on Pregnancy Outcomes

Maternal health directly influences birth outcomes and the long-term health of both mother and child. Women who receive timely prenatal care are less likely to develop complications such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, or severe infections. These conditions, when unrecognized or untreated, can result in life-threatening complications, including hemorrhage, organ failure, or preterm birth. For example, hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are strongly associated with stroke and pregnancy-related death, and they also increase the mother’s future risk of cardiovascular disease [4] .

In addition to physical health risks, poor maternal health can affect mental wellness, leading to anxiety, depression, or postpartum mood disorders. The repercussions of maternal ill health extend to the infant as well, increasing the risk of low birth weight, developmental delays, and, in some cases, infant mortality [5] .

Common Causes of Maternal Complications and Death

The leading causes of maternal injury and death include excessive blood loss, infection, high blood pressure (preeclampsia and eclampsia), unsafe abortion, and obstructed labor. Indirect causes, such as anemia, malaria, and underlying heart disease, also play a role-especially in low- and middle-income countries [1] . In the United States, rising rates of chronic conditions like obesity, diabetes, and hypertension contribute to increased maternal risks [2] . Notably, about 84% of pregnancy-related deaths in the U.S. are considered preventable with timely intervention and high-quality care [3] .

Accessing Quality Prenatal and Maternal Care: Steps and Strategies

Proactive steps can significantly improve maternal health outcomes. Accessing prenatal care early and consistently is crucial. Here’s how you can approach this:

Schedule an Early Prenatal Visit: As soon as you suspect you are pregnant, contact your healthcare provider or local health department to set up a prenatal appointment. Early visits help identify existing health issues and establish a care plan.
Identify Qualified Providers: Look for board-certified obstetricians, family physicians, or certified nurse-midwives. If you need assistance finding a provider, you can search through your health insurance directory, contact your local hospital, or ask for referrals from your primary care doctor.
Utilize Community Resources: Many communities offer maternal health programs, including free or low-cost clinics. To locate these services, search for “prenatal care clinics near me” or contact your state or county health department. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services offers information on maternal health programs; you may also ask about Medicaid coverage for prenatal care if you are eligible.
Attend All Scheduled Appointments: Regular check-ups enable your provider to monitor your health and address any changes promptly. Missing visits can increase the risk of undetected complications.
Adopt Healthy Lifestyle Habits: Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs. Eat a balanced diet rich in folic acid, iron, and calcium. Engage in physical activity as recommended by your provider. These steps can help lower your risk of pregnancy complications [5] .

Addressing Health Equity and Social Determinants

Health disparities, including differences in income, education, and access to care, significantly affect maternal health outcomes. Women from marginalized communities often face higher risks due to systemic barriers and limited access to quality healthcare. Closing these gaps requires policy action and community-level support. If you experience barriers to care-such as lack of transportation, language differences, or insurance challenges-consider reaching out to local advocacy organizations, social services, or your state health department for assistance. Many hospitals and clinics have social workers who can help connect you with resources.

Recognizing Warning Signs and When to Seek Help

It is vital to recognize early warning signs of complications. Symptoms such as severe headaches, vision changes, swelling, shortness of breath, heavy bleeding, or persistent abdominal pain should always prompt immediate contact with a healthcare provider. According to Yale Medicine, delays in recognizing or responding to symptoms can lead to more serious outcomes [3] . If you are unsure whether a symptom requires urgent attention, it is better to err on the side of caution and contact your provider or seek care at an emergency department.

Postpartum Health: Extending Care Beyond Delivery

Maternal health does not end with childbirth. The postpartum period-typically considered the first six weeks after delivery-is a time of significant adjustment and vulnerability. Postpartum check-ups help monitor recovery, address mental health, and provide support for family planning and breastfeeding. If you experience mood changes, persistent pain, or unusual bleeding after delivery, communicate these concerns promptly with your healthcare team.

Alternative Approaches and Support Systems

Some women may consider additional support such as doulas, lactation consultants, or mental health professionals specializing in perinatal care. While these services may not be covered by all insurance plans, some states and organizations offer support programs or sliding-scale fees. Consider asking your provider or local hospital about available options. Peer support groups, both online and in person, can also offer encouragement and practical advice.

Practical Steps to Access Maternal Health Services

To access maternal health services:

Contact your health insurance provider to understand your coverage for prenatal and postpartum care.
Use your state or county health department as a starting point for information on local clinics and support programs.
Search for “prenatal care” or “maternal health services” in your city or county.
If you do not have insurance, inquire about Medicaid eligibility for pregnant women through your state’s official Medicaid office.
Community health centers often provide prenatal care on a sliding fee scale based on income. To find a health center, search for “community health center near me” and verify the clinic’s credentials.
If English is not your first language, ask about language support services at your healthcare facility.

If you face challenges accessing care, document your attempts and reach out to local advocacy organizations for further assistance. They can help you understand your rights and connect you to additional resources.

Key Takeaways and Ongoing Action

Maternal health during pregnancy is a cornerstone of family and community well-being. Effective prenatal and postpartum care, healthy lifestyle choices, and prompt recognition of complications are essential for positive outcomes. While progress has been made, preventable complications and deaths continue to occur, highlighting the need for continued advocacy, education, and improved access to care. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, prioritize regular check-ups, seek support when needed, and take proactive steps to protect your health and that of your baby.